UI English Language 2014/2015 Past Questions

Read the passages below and answer the questions that follow:
PASSAGE A
Every discernible observer could foresee the crisis which engulfed the Edo House last week. Only a few days before, reports were rife about the AC reaching out to some PDP legislators to cross-carpet. The intention being to gain a majority and then assume the Speakership with the least constraint. Zakawanu Garuba, the then Speaker, retorted with a fiat, threatening to declare vacant the seat of any defector. This in spite of the constitutional support for such action, as evidenced, for example, by the crisis that has torn the PDP apart in Edo State. The party has two factional chairmen in the state, even though one is more vociferous.
The desperate attempt by Garuba to cling to the Speaker's chair is condemnable. He was not being recalled from the legislature; and so, he still has his seat as a floor member. As speaker, he was only first among equals. The Speakership is not his birthright. With the defection of one PDP lawmaker to the AC, the legislature reconvened hours after the bloodbath and elected a protem Speaker, while impeaching and suspending Garuba and a few others. They are to be probed. (Adapted from The Guardian, Thursday, March 4, 2011, p.14)

Read the passages below and answer the questions that follow:
PASSAGE A
Every discernible observer could foresee the crisis which engulfed the Edo House last week. Only a few days before, reports were rife about the AC reaching out to some PDP legislators to cross-carpet. The intention being to gain a majority and then assume the Speakership with the least constraint. Zakawanu Garuba, the then Speaker, retorted with a fiat, threatening to declare vacant the seat of any defector. This in spite of the constitutional support for such action, as evidenced, for example, by the crisis that has torn the PDP apart in Edo State. The party has two factional chairmen in the state, even though one is more vociferous.
The desperate attempt by Garuba to cling to the Speaker's chair is condemnable. He was not being recalled from the legislature; and so, he still has his seat as a floor member. As speaker, he was only first among equals. The Speakership is not his birthright. With the defection of one PDP lawmaker to the AC, the legislature reconvened hours after the bloodbath and elected a protem Speaker, while impeaching and suspending Garuba and a few others. They are to be probed. (Adapted from The Guardian, Thursday, March 4, 2011, p.14)

Read the passages below and answer the questions that follow:
PASSAGE A
Every discernible observer could foresee the crisis which engulfed the Edo House last week. Only a few days before, reports were rife about the AC reaching out to some PDP legislators to cross-carpet. The intention being to gain a majority and then assume the Speakership with the least constraint. Zakawanu Garuba, the then Speaker, retorted with a fiat, threatening to declare vacant the seat of any defector. This in spite of the constitutional support for such action, as evidenced, for example, by the crisis that has torn the PDP apart in Edo State. The party has two factional chairmen in the state, even though one is more vociferous.
The desperate attempt by Garuba to cling to the Speaker's chair is condemnable. He was not being recalled from the legislature; and so, he still has his seat as a floor member. As speaker, he was only first among equals. The Speakership is not his birthright. With the defection of one PDP lawmaker to the AC, the legislature reconvened hours after the bloodbath and elected a protem Speaker, while impeaching and suspending Garuba and a few others. They are to be probed. (Adapted from The Guardian, Thursday, March 4, 2011, p.14)

Read the passages below and answer the questions that follow:
PASSAGE A
Every discernible observer could foresee the crisis which engulfed the Edo House last week. Only a few days before, reports were rife about the AC reaching out to some PDP legislators to cross-carpet. The intention being to gain a majority and then assume the Speakership with the least constraint. Zakawanu Garuba, the then Speaker, retorted with a fiat, threatening to declare vacant the seat of any defector. This in spite of the constitutional support for such action, as evidenced, for example, by the crisis that has torn the PDP apart in Edo State. The party has two factional chairmen in the state, even though one is more vociferous.
The desperate attempt by Garuba to cling to the Speaker's chair is condemnable. He was not being recalled from the legislature; and so, he still has his seat as a floor member. As speaker, he was only first among equals. The Speakership is not his birthright. With the defection of one PDP lawmaker to the AC, the legislature reconvened hours after the bloodbath and elected a protem Speaker, while impeaching and suspending Garuba and a few others. They are to be probed. (Adapted from The Guardian, Thursday, March 4, 2011, p.14)

Read the passages below and answer the questions that follow:
PASSAGE A
Every discernible observer could foresee the crisis which engulfed the Edo House last week. Only a few days before, reports were rife about the AC reaching out to some PDP legislators to cross-carpet. The intention being to gain a majority and then assume the Speakership with the least constraint. Zakawanu Garuba, the then Speaker, retorted with a fiat, threatening to declare vacant the seat of any defector. This in spite of the constitutional support for such action, as evidenced, for example, by the crisis that has torn the PDP apart in Edo State. The party has two factional chairmen in the state, even though one is more vociferous.
The desperate attempt by Garuba to cling to the Speaker's chair is condemnable. He was not being recalled from the legislature; and so, he still has his seat as a floor member. As speaker, he was only first among equals. The Speakership is not his birthright. With the defection of one PDP lawmaker to the AC, the legislature reconvened hours after the bloodbath and elected a protem Speaker, while impeaching and suspending Garuba and a few others. They are to be probed. (Adapted from The Guardian, Thursday, March 4, 2011, p.14)

Read the passages below and answer the questions that follow:
PASSAGE A
Every discernible observer could foresee the crisis which engulfed the Edo House last week. Only a few days before, reports were rife about the AC reaching out to some PDP legislators to cross-carpet. The intention being to gain a majority and then assume the Speakership with the least constraint. Zakawanu Garuba, the then Speaker, retorted with a fiat, threatening to declare vacant the seat of any defector. This in spite of the constitutional support for such action, as evidenced, for example, by the crisis that has torn the PDP apart in Edo State. The party has two factional chairmen in the state, even though one is more vociferous.
The desperate attempt by Garuba to cling to the Speaker's chair is condemnable. He was not being recalled from the legislature; and so, he still has his seat as a floor member. As speaker, he was only first among equals. The Speakership is not his birthright. With the defection of one PDP lawmaker to the AC, the legislature reconvened hours after the bloodbath and elected a protem Speaker, while impeaching and suspending Garuba and a few others. They are to be probed. (Adapted from The Guardian, Thursday, March 4, 2011, p.14)

Read the passages below and answer the questions that follow:
PASSAGE A
Every discernible observer could foresee the crisis which engulfed the Edo House last week. Only a few days before, reports were rife about the AC reaching out to some PDP legislators to cross-carpet. The intention being to gain a majority and then assume the Speakership with the least constraint. Zakawanu Garuba, the then Speaker, retorted with a fiat, threatening to declare vacant the seat of any defector. This in spite of the constitutional support for such action, as evidenced, for example, by the crisis that has torn the PDP apart in Edo State. The party has two factional chairmen in the state, even though one is more vociferous.
The desperate attempt by Garuba to cling to the Speaker's chair is condemnable. He was not being recalled from the legislature; and so, he still has his seat as a floor member. As speaker, he was only first among equals. The Speakership is not his birthright. With the defection of one PDP lawmaker to the AC, the legislature reconvened hours after the bloodbath and elected a protem Speaker, while impeaching and suspending Garuba and a few others. They are to be probed. (Adapted from The Guardian, Thursday, March 4, 2011, p.14)

PASSAGE B
Nigeria has a troubled power sector which is however undergoing reforms that, hopefully, should usher in era of private sector dominance in terms of ownership and management of generation and distribution. In this transitory phase, it is crucial to lay a foundation for local sourcing of vital inputs and make it the norm for the industry. That is the only way to prevent a replication of the trend in the oil and gas sub-sector, where capital flight is as much as $ 16 billion per annum, as revealed by the Petroleum Technology Development Fund.
The PHCN could legitimately insist on quality and standards in its procurement of equipment and materials, but what is playing out is an institutional orientation, evinced in several pursuits of the PHCN that are contemptuous of Nigeria's aspiration for local content development. In 1998, the defunct National Electric Power Authority defied a directive by the then Minister of Power and steel, Alhaji Bashir Dalhatu, to source its costable components from Nigerian foundries, some of which are of high standards. Actuated by a realization of idle capacity in the foundries and the need to conserve foreign exchange, the Minister applied appropriate pressure on the management of NEPA but found his efforts frustrated. The acute shortage or inefficiency in the metering programme originated from the fact that the only local manufacturer then, the Federal Government-owned electricity Meter Company in Zaria, Kaduna State, established in 1976. but sold to Dantata Investments Limited in December 2002, is not performing.
(Adapted from The Punch, Wednesday, May 25, 2011. Pg. 18)

PASSAGE B
Nigeria has a troubled power sector which is however undergoing reforms that, hopefully, should usher in era of private sector dominance in terms of ownership and management of generation and distribution. In this transitory phase, it is crucial to lay a foundation for local sourcing of vital inputs and make it the norm for the industry. That is the only way to prevent a replication of the trend in the oil and gas sub-sector, where capital flight is as much as $ 16 billion per annum, as revealed by the Petroleum Technology Development Fund.
The PHCN could legitimately insist on quality and standards in its procurement of equipment and materials, but what is playing out is an institutional orientation, evinced in several pursuits of the PHCN that are contemptuous of Nigeria's aspiration for local content development. In 1998, the defunct National Electric Power Authority defied a directive by the then Minister of Power and steel, Alhaji Bashir Dalhatu, to source its costable components from Nigerian foundries, some of which are of high standards. Actuated by a realization of idle capacity in the foundries and the need to conserve foreign exchange, the Minister applied appropriate pressure on the management of NEPA but found his efforts frustrated. The acute shortage or inefficiency in the metering programme originated from the fact that the only local manufacturer then, the Federal Government-owned electricity Meter Company in Zaria, Kaduna State, established in 1976. but sold to Dantata Investments Limited in December 2002, is not performing.
(Adapted from The Punch, Wednesday, May 25, 2011. Pg. 18)

PASSAGE B
Nigeria has a troubled power sector which is however undergoing reforms that, hopefully, should usher in era of private sector dominance in terms of ownership and management of generation and distribution. In this transitory phase, it is crucial to lay a foundation for local sourcing of vital inputs and make it the norm for the industry. That is the only way to prevent a replication of the trend in the oil and gas sub-sector, where capital flight is as much as $ 16 billion per annum, as revealed by the Petroleum Technology Development Fund.
The PHCN could legitimately insist on quality and standards in its procurement of equipment and materials, but what is playing out is an institutional orientation, evinced in several pursuits of the PHCN that are contemptuous of Nigeria's aspiration for local content development. In 1998, the defunct National Electric Power Authority defied a directive by the then Minister of Power and steel, Alhaji Bashir Dalhatu, to source its costable components from Nigerian foundries, some of which are of high standards. Actuated by a realization of idle capacity in the foundries and the need to conserve foreign exchange, the Minister applied appropriate pressure on the management of NEPA but found his efforts frustrated. The acute shortage or inefficiency in the metering programme originated from the fact that the only local manufacturer then, the Federal Government-owned electricity Meter Company in Zaria, Kaduna State, established in 1976. but sold to Dantata Investments Limited in December 2002, is not performing.
(Adapted from The Punch, Wednesday, May 25, 2011. Pg. 18)

PASSAGE B
Nigeria has a troubled power sector which is however undergoing reforms that, hopefully, should usher in era of private sector dominance in terms of ownership and management of generation and distribution. In this transitory phase, it is crucial to lay a foundation for local sourcing of vital inputs and make it the norm for the industry. That is the only way to prevent a replication of the trend in the oil and gas sub-sector, where capital flight is as much as $ 16 billion per annum, as revealed by the Petroleum Technology Development Fund.
The PHCN could legitimately insist on quality and standards in its procurement of equipment and materials, but what is playing out is an institutional orientation, evinced in several pursuits of the PHCN that are contemptuous of Nigeria's aspiration for local content development. In 1998, the defunct National Electric Power Authority defied a directive by the then Minister of Power and steel, Alhaji Bashir Dalhatu, to source its costable components from Nigerian foundries, some of which are of high standards. Actuated by a realization of idle capacity in the foundries and the need to conserve foreign exchange, the Minister applied appropriate pressure on the management of NEPA but found his efforts frustrated. The acute shortage or inefficiency in the metering programme originated from the fact that the only local manufacturer then, the Federal Government-owned electricity Meter Company in Zaria, Kaduna State, established in 1976. but sold to Dantata Investments Limited in December 2002, is not performing.
(Adapted from The Punch, Wednesday, May 25, 2011. Pg. 18)

PASSAGE B
Nigeria has a troubled power sector which is however undergoing reforms that, hopefully, should usher in era of private sector dominance in terms of ownership and management of generation and distribution. In this transitory phase, it is crucial to lay a foundation for local sourcing of vital inputs and make it the norm for the industry. That is the only way to prevent a replication of the trend in the oil and gas sub-sector, where capital flight is as much as $ 16 billion per annum, as revealed by the Petroleum Technology Development Fund.
The PHCN could legitimately insist on quality and standards in its procurement of equipment and materials, but what is playing out is an institutional orientation, evinced in several pursuits of the PHCN that are contemptuous of Nigeria's aspiration for local content development. In 1998, the defunct National Electric Power Authority defied a directive by the then Minister of Power and steel, Alhaji Bashir Dalhatu, to source its costable components from Nigerian foundries, some of which are of high standards. Actuated by a realization of idle capacity in the foundries and the need to conserve foreign exchange, the Minister applied appropriate pressure on the management of NEPA but found his efforts frustrated. The acute shortage or inefficiency in the metering programme originated from the fact that the only local manufacturer then, the Federal Government-owned electricity Meter Company in Zaria, Kaduna State, established in 1976. but sold to Dantata Investments Limited in December 2002, is not performing.
(Adapted from The Punch, Wednesday, May 25, 2011. Pg. 18)

PASSAGE B
Nigeria has a troubled power sector which is however undergoing reforms that, hopefully, should usher in era of private sector dominance in terms of ownership and management of generation and distribution. In this transitory phase, it is crucial to lay a foundation for local sourcing of vital inputs and make it the norm for the industry. That is the only way to prevent a replication of the trend in the oil and gas sub-sector, where capital flight is as much as $ 16 billion per annum, as revealed by the Petroleum Technology Development Fund.
The PHCN could legitimately insist on quality and standards in its procurement of equipment and materials, but what is playing out is an institutional orientation, evinced in several pursuits of the PHCN that are contemptuous of Nigeria's aspiration for local content development. In 1998, the defunct National Electric Power Authority defied a directive by the then Minister of Power and steel, Alhaji Bashir Dalhatu, to source its costable components from Nigerian foundries, some of which are of high standards. Actuated by a realization of idle capacity in the foundries and the need to conserve foreign exchange, the Minister applied appropriate pressure on the management of NEPA but found his efforts frustrated. The acute shortage or inefficiency in the metering programme originated from the fact that the only local manufacturer then, the Federal Government-owned electricity Meter Company in Zaria, Kaduna State, established in 1976. but sold to Dantata Investments Limited in December 2002, is not performing.
(Adapted from The Punch, Wednesday, May 25, 2011. Pg. 18)

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