UNIBEN English Language 2021/2022 Past Questions

Instruction: Read this passage carefully and answer the questions on it.
Oil theft dates back to the 1970's when Nigeria had the first oil boom. With the return to democratic governance in 1999, many big time oil thieves became political leaders and many political leaders became oil thieves. They formed cult groups in the oil producing areas from which they linked their contacts in government and the security agencies.
The younger ones became political thugs, who after the elections turned to oil thievery to arm themselves for the next election. The armed confrontations between the security forces and the militants ended on 4th October 2009 when the regime of the late Umaru Yar'Adua offered the militants, estimated at 26,000, amnesty in exchange for the unconditional surrender of their arms and return to the confines of the law. Since that deal went through, the shooting in the Niger Delta has quietened down. The upsurge in oil thievery and the proliferation of illegal refineries in the creeks of the Niger Delta have been dramatic.
The post-amnesty deal did not give adequate attention to crucial aspects of "cleaning up after the party" What other agreements did Nigeria extract from the militants, beyond the cessation of hostilities? Since they depended on illegal bunkering to procure the arms and logistics while they fought the state, what steps were taken to remove them from this lucrative activity?
Oil thieves and their illegal refineries are partly responsible for the rampant oil spills in the creeks. which worsen the environmental challenges. which many of the militants listed as one of their major reasons for embracing the armed struggle. Where is the crackdown on these economic saboteurs the President promised? What steps have been taken to arrest the problems posed by corrupt security officials who see their posting to the region as an opportunity to strike it rich?
Adopted from Vanguard editorial, 22 June, 2012.

Instruction: Read this passage carefully and answer the questions on it.
Oil theft dates back to the 1970's when Nigeria had the first oil boom. With the return to democratic governance in 1999, many big time oil thieves became political leaders and many political leaders became oil thieves. They formed cult groups in the oil producing areas from which they linked their contacts in government and the security agencies.
The younger ones became political thugs, who after the elections turned to oil thievery to arm themselves for the next election. The armed confrontations between the security forces and the militants ended on 4th October 2009 when the regime of the late Umaru Yar'Adua offered the militants, estimated at 26,000, amnesty in exchange for the unconditional surrender of their arms and return to the confines of the law. Since that deal went through, the shooting in the Niger Delta has quietened down. The upsurge in oil thievery and the proliferation of illegal refineries in the creeks of the Niger Delta have been dramatic.
The post-amnesty deal did not give adequate attention to crucial aspects of "cleaning up after the party" What other agreements did Nigeria extract from the militants, beyond the cessation of hostilities? Since they depended on illegal bunkering to procure the arms and logistics while they fought the state, what steps were taken to remove them from this lucrative activity?
Oil thieves and their illegal refineries are partly responsible for the rampant oil spills in the creeks. which worsen the environmental challenges. which many of the militants listed as one of their major reasons for embracing the armed struggle. Where is the crackdown on these economic saboteurs the President promised? What steps have been taken to arrest the problems posed by corrupt security officials who see their posting to the region as an opportunity to strike it rich?
Adopted from Vanguard editorial, 22 June, 2012.

Instruction: Read this passage carefully and answer the questions on it.
Oil theft dates back to the 1970's when Nigeria had the first oil boom. With the return to democratic governance in 1999, many big time oil thieves became political leaders and many political leaders became oil thieves. They formed cult groups in the oil producing areas from which they linked their contacts in government and the security agencies.
The younger ones became political thugs, who after the elections turned to oil thievery to arm themselves for the next election. The armed confrontations between the security forces and the militants ended on 4th October 2009 when the regime of the late Umaru Yar'Adua offered the militants, estimated at 26,000, amnesty in exchange for the unconditional surrender of their arms and return to the confines of the law. Since that deal went through, the shooting in the Niger Delta has quietened down. The upsurge in oil thievery and the proliferation of illegal refineries in the creeks of the Niger Delta have been dramatic.
The post-amnesty deal did not give adequate attention to crucial aspects of "cleaning up after the party" What other agreements did Nigeria extract from the militants, beyond the cessation of hostilities? Since they depended on illegal bunkering to procure the arms and logistics while they fought the state, what steps were taken to remove them from this lucrative activity?
Oil thieves and their illegal refineries are partly responsible for the rampant oil spills in the creeks. which worsen the environmental challenges. which many of the militants listed as one of their major reasons for embracing the armed struggle. Where is the crackdown on these economic saboteurs the President promised? What steps have been taken to arrest the problems posed by corrupt security officials who see their posting to the region as an opportunity to strike it rich?
Adopted from Vanguard editorial, 22 June, 2012.

Instruction: Read this passage carefully and answer the questions on it.
Oil theft dates back to the 1970's when Nigeria had the first oil boom. With the return to democratic governance in 1999, many big time oil thieves became political leaders and many political leaders became oil thieves. They formed cult groups in the oil producing areas from which they linked their contacts in government and the security agencies.
The younger ones became political thugs, who after the elections turned to oil thievery to arm themselves for the next election. The armed confrontations between the security forces and the militants ended on 4th October 2009 when the regime of the late Umaru Yar'Adua offered the militants, estimated at 26,000, amnesty in exchange for the unconditional surrender of their arms and return to the confines of the law. Since that deal went through, the shooting in the Niger Delta has quietened down. The upsurge in oil thievery and the proliferation of illegal refineries in the creeks of the Niger Delta have been dramatic.
The post-amnesty deal did not give adequate attention to crucial aspects of "cleaning up after the party" What other agreements did Nigeria extract from the militants, beyond the cessation of hostilities? Since they depended on illegal bunkering to procure the arms and logistics while they fought the state, what steps were taken to remove them from this lucrative activity?
Oil thieves and their illegal refineries are partly responsible for the rampant oil spills in the creeks. which worsen the environmental challenges. which many of the militants listed as one of their major reasons for embracing the armed struggle. Where is the crackdown on these economic saboteurs the President promised? What steps have been taken to arrest the problems posed by corrupt security officials who see their posting to the region as an opportunity to strike it rich?
Adopted from Vanguard editorial, 22 June, 2012.

Instruction: Read this passage carefully and answer the questions on it.
Oil theft dates back to the 1970's when Nigeria had the first oil boom. With the return to democratic governance in 1999, many big time oil thieves became political leaders and many political leaders became oil thieves. They formed cult groups in the oil producing areas from which they linked their contacts in government and the security agencies.
The younger ones became political thugs, who after the elections turned to oil thievery to arm themselves for the next election. The armed confrontations between the security forces and the militants ended on 4th October 2009 when the regime of the late Umaru Yar'Adua offered the militants, estimated at 26,000, amnesty in exchange for the unconditional surrender of their arms and return to the confines of the law. Since that deal went through, the shooting in the Niger Delta has quietened down. The upsurge in oil thievery and the proliferation of illegal refineries in the creeks of the Niger Delta have been dramatic.
The post-amnesty deal did not give adequate attention to crucial aspects of "cleaning up after the party" What other agreements did Nigeria extract from the militants, beyond the cessation of hostilities? Since they depended on illegal bunkering to procure the arms and logistics while they fought the state, what steps were taken to remove them from this lucrative activity?
Oil thieves and their illegal refineries are partly responsible for the rampant oil spills in the creeks. which worsen the environmental challenges. which many of the militants listed as one of their major reasons for embracing the armed struggle. Where is the crackdown on these economic saboteurs the President promised? What steps have been taken to arrest the problems posed by corrupt security officials who see their posting to the region as an opportunity to strike it rich?
Adopted from Vanguard editorial, 22 June, 2012.

PASSAGE B
Nigeria has a troubled power sector which is however undergoing reforms that, hopefully, should usher in era of private sector dominance in terms of ownership and management of generation and distribution. In this transitory phase, it is crucial to lay a foundation for local sourcing of vital inputs and make it the norm for the industry. That is the only way to prevent a replication of the trend in the oil and gas sub-sector, where capital flight is as much as $ 16 billion per annum, as revealed by the Petroleum Technology Development Fund.
The PHCN could legitimately insist on quality and standards in its procurement of equipment and materials, but what is playing out is an institutional orientation, evinced in several pursuits of the PHCN that are contemptuous of Nigeria's aspiration for local content development. In 1998, the defunct National Electric Power Authority defied a directive by the then Minister of Power and steel, Alhaji Bashir Dalhatu, to source its costable components from Nigerian foundries, some of which are of high standards. Actuated by a realization of idle capacity in the foundries and the need to conserve foreign exchange, the Minister applied appropriate pressure on the management of NEPA but found his efforts frustrated. The acute shortage or inefficiency in the metering programme originated from the fact that the only local manufacturer then, the Federal Government-owned electricity Meter Company in Zaria, Kaduna State, established in 1976. but sold to Dantata Investments Limited in December 2002, is not performing.
(Adapted from The Punch, Wednesday, May 25, 2011. Pg. 18)

PASSAGE B
Nigeria has a troubled power sector which is however undergoing reforms that, hopefully, should usher in era of private sector dominance in terms of ownership and management of generation and distribution. In this transitory phase, it is crucial to lay a foundation for local sourcing of vital inputs and make it the norm for the industry. That is the only way to prevent a replication of the trend in the oil and gas sub-sector, where capital flight is as much as $ 16 billion per annum, as revealed by the Petroleum Technology Development Fund.
The PHCN could legitimately insist on quality and standards in its procurement of equipment and materials, but what is playing out is an institutional orientation, evinced in several pursuits of the PHCN that are contemptuous of Nigeria's aspiration for local content development. In 1998, the defunct National Electric Power Authority defied a directive by the then Minister of Power and steel, Alhaji Bashir Dalhatu, to source its costable components from Nigerian foundries, some of which are of high standards. Actuated by a realization of idle capacity in the foundries and the need to conserve foreign exchange, the Minister applied appropriate pressure on the management of NEPA but found his efforts frustrated. The acute shortage or inefficiency in the metering programme originated from the fact that the only local manufacturer then, the Federal Government-owned electricity Meter Company in Zaria, Kaduna State, established in 1976. but sold to Dantata Investments Limited in December 2002, is not performing.
(Adapted from The Punch, Wednesday, May 25, 2011. Pg. 18)

PASSAGE B
Nigeria has a troubled power sector which is however undergoing reforms that, hopefully, should usher in era of private sector dominance in terms of ownership and management of generation and distribution. In this transitory phase, it is crucial to lay a foundation for local sourcing of vital inputs and make it the norm for the industry. That is the only way to prevent a replication of the trend in the oil and gas sub-sector, where capital flight is as much as $ 16 billion per annum, as revealed by the Petroleum Technology Development Fund.
The PHCN could legitimately insist on quality and standards in its procurement of equipment and materials, but what is playing out is an institutional orientation, evinced in several pursuits of the PHCN that are contemptuous of Nigeria's aspiration for local content development. In 1998, the defunct National Electric Power Authority defied a directive by the then Minister of Power and steel, Alhaji Bashir Dalhatu, to source its costable components from Nigerian foundries, some of which are of high standards. Actuated by a realization of idle capacity in the foundries and the need to conserve foreign exchange, the Minister applied appropriate pressure on the management of NEPA but found his efforts frustrated. The acute shortage or inefficiency in the metering programme originated from the fact that the only local manufacturer then, the Federal Government-owned electricity Meter Company in Zaria, Kaduna State, established in 1976. but sold to Dantata Investments Limited in December 2002, is not performing.
(Adapted from The Punch, Wednesday, May 25, 2011. Pg. 18)

PASSAGE B
Nigeria has a troubled power sector which is however undergoing reforms that, hopefully, should usher in era of private sector dominance in terms of ownership and management of generation and distribution. In this transitory phase, it is crucial to lay a foundation for local sourcing of vital inputs and make it the norm for the industry. That is the only way to prevent a replication of the trend in the oil and gas sub-sector, where capital flight is as much as $ 16 billion per annum, as revealed by the Petroleum Technology Development Fund.
The PHCN could legitimately insist on quality and standards in its procurement of equipment and materials, but what is playing out is an institutional orientation, evinced in several pursuits of the PHCN that are contemptuous of Nigeria's aspiration for local content development. In 1998, the defunct National Electric Power Authority defied a directive by the then Minister of Power and steel, Alhaji Bashir Dalhatu, to source its costable components from Nigerian foundries, some of which are of high standards. Actuated by a realization of idle capacity in the foundries and the need to conserve foreign exchange, the Minister applied appropriate pressure on the management of NEPA but found his efforts frustrated. The acute shortage or inefficiency in the metering programme originated from the fact that the only local manufacturer then, the Federal Government-owned electricity Meter Company in Zaria, Kaduna State, established in 1976. but sold to Dantata Investments Limited in December 2002, is not performing.
(Adapted from The Punch, Wednesday, May 25, 2011. Pg. 18)

PASSAGE B
Nigeria has a troubled power sector which is however undergoing reforms that, hopefully, should usher in era of private sector dominance in terms of ownership and management of generation and distribution. In this transitory phase, it is crucial to lay a foundation for local sourcing of vital inputs and make it the norm for the industry. That is the only way to prevent a replication of the trend in the oil and gas sub-sector, where capital flight is as much as $ 16 billion per annum, as revealed by the Petroleum Technology Development Fund.
The PHCN could legitimately insist on quality and standards in its procurement of equipment and materials, but what is playing out is an institutional orientation, evinced in several pursuits of the PHCN that are contemptuous of Nigeria's aspiration for local content development. In 1998, the defunct National Electric Power Authority defied a directive by the then Minister of Power and steel, Alhaji Bashir Dalhatu, to source its costable components from Nigerian foundries, some of which are of high standards. Actuated by a realization of idle capacity in the foundries and the need to conserve foreign exchange, the Minister applied appropriate pressure on the management of NEPA but found his efforts frustrated. The acute shortage or inefficiency in the metering programme originated from the fact that the only local manufacturer then, the Federal Government-owned electricity Meter Company in Zaria, Kaduna State, established in 1976. but sold to Dantata Investments Limited in December 2002, is not performing.
(Adapted from The Punch, Wednesday, May 25, 2011. Pg. 18)

PASSAGE B
Nigeria has a troubled power sector which is however undergoing reforms that, hopefully, should usher in era of private sector dominance in terms of ownership and management of generation and distribution. In this transitory phase, it is crucial to lay a foundation for local sourcing of vital inputs and make it the norm for the industry. That is the only way to prevent a replication of the trend in the oil and gas sub-sector, where capital flight is as much as $ 16 billion per annum, as revealed by the Petroleum Technology Development Fund.
The PHCN could legitimately insist on quality and standards in its procurement of equipment and materials, but what is playing out is an institutional orientation, evinced in several pursuits of the PHCN that are contemptuous of Nigeria's aspiration for local content development. In 1998, the defunct National Electric Power Authority defied a directive by the then Minister of Power and steel, Alhaji Bashir Dalhatu, to source its costable components from Nigerian foundries, some of which are of high standards. Actuated by a realization of idle capacity in the foundries and the need to conserve foreign exchange, the Minister applied appropriate pressure on the management of NEPA but found his efforts frustrated. The acute shortage or inefficiency in the metering programme originated from the fact that the only local manufacturer then, the Federal Government-owned electricity Meter Company in Zaria, Kaduna State, established in 1976. but sold to Dantata Investments Limited in December 2002, is not performing.
(Adapted from The Punch, Wednesday, May 25, 2011. Pg. 18)

From the list of words choose the one that best completes each sentence from 12 to 15.

From the list of words choose the one that best completes each sentence from 12 to 15.

From the list of words choose the one that best completes each sentence from 12 to 15.

From the list of words choose the one that best completes each sentence from 12 to 15.

From the words or groups of words below, choose the words or group of words that best complete each of the following sentences.

From the words or groups of words below, choose the words or group of words that best complete each of the following sentences.

From the words or groups of words below, choose the words or group of words that best complete each of the following sentences.

From the words or groups of words below, choose the words or group of words that best complete each of the following sentences.

From the words or groups of words below, choose the words or group of words that best complete each of the following sentences.

In each of the questions fill the gap(s) with the most appropriate option from the list following the gap(s).

In each of the questions fill the gap(s) with the most appropriate option from the list following the gap(s).

In each of the questions fill the gap(s) with the most appropriate option from the list following the gap(s).

In each of the questions fill the gap(s) with the most appropriate option from the list following the gap(s).

In each of the questions fill the gap(s) with the most appropriate option from the list following the gap(s).

Instructions: In each of the following questions, there is a word or group of words underlined. Choose from the items numbered A to D the word or group of words almost opposite in meaning to the underlined words.

Instructions: In each of the following questions, there is a word or group of words underlined. Choose from the items numbered A to D the word or group of words almost opposite in meaning to the underlined words.

Instructions: In each of the following questions, there is a word or group of words underlined. Choose from the items numbered A to D the word or group of words almost opposite in meaning to the underlined words.

Instructions: In each of the following questions, there is a word or group of words underlined. Choose from the items numbered A to D the word or group of words almost opposite in meaning to the underlined words.

Instructions: In each of the following questions, there is a word or group of words underlined. Choose from the items numbered A to D the word or group of words almost opposite in meaning to the underlined words.

After each of the following sentences, a list of possible interpretations of all or part of the sentence is given. Choose the interpretation that you consider most appropriate for each sentence.

After each of the following sentences, a list of possible interpretations of all or part of the sentence is given. Choose the interpretation that you consider most appropriate for each sentence.

After each of the following sentences, a list of possible interpretations of all or part of the sentence is given. Choose the interpretation that you consider most appropriate for each sentence.

After each of the following sentences, a list of possible interpretations of all or part of the sentence is given. Choose the interpretation that you consider most appropriate for each sentence.

From the words or group of words lettered A to E below, each of the following sentences, choose the word or group of words that s nearest in meaning to underlined word as used in the sentence.