(a) Define each of the following terms:

(i) ion; (ii) isotopes.

 

(b)(i) Consider the:element \(_{12}\)Mg and \(_{3}\)Al

I. Write the electron configuration of each element. II. Explain briefly why the first ionization energy of \(_{12}\)Mg is greater than that of \(_{13}\)Al.

(ii) Write the formulae of three different oxides of period 3 elements that react with water.

 

(c)(i) What are allotropes?

(ii) Name the two crystalline allotropes of carbon.

(iii) Give one industrial use of each allotrope named in (c)(ii).

 

(d) On warming crystals of sodium chloride with concentrated tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid, a gas was evolved.

(i) List two physical properties of the gas produced.

(ii) Write a balanced equation for the reaction.

 

(e) A certain chip W used in a circuit of a microcomputer has a mass of 5.68mg. Calculate the amount of W in the microcomputer. [ W = 28 gmol\(^{-1}\) ].