WAEC Geography 1993 Past Questions

(a) Explain any four ways in which lines of latitude differ from lines of longitudes

(b) If the time at town A (long 75°W) is 5.00p.m on Friday, what will be the time and day at town B(long 120°E)? Show your workings clearly. 
 

 With the aid of suitable diagrams, describe the characteristics and mode of formation of any two of the following

(a) Ox-bow lake

(b) Zeugen

(c) Block mountain 
 

(a) Draw a diagram of the relief of the ocean floor showing the following
(i) Continental shelf
(ii) Continental slope
(iii) Ocean deep

(b) Describe the main characteristics of any two of the features shown

(c) Highlight the economic,-c importance of continental shelves to man 
 

Contrast the characteristics cf the Equatorial climate with those of the Tundra climate 
 

(a) What is soil?

(b) Explain the process of soil formation

(c) Describe a typical soil profile 
 

(a) Name four components of the ecosystem

(b) How does the carbon cycle explain the inter-dependence of the components in the ecosystem? 
 

(a) Account for the rapid growth of world population in the last two decades

(b) Explain any three problems arising from this rapid growth

(c) Suggest solutions to these problems 
 

(a) Differentiate clearly between urban settlements and rural settlements

(b) Explain four factors responsible for tl-increase in size of urban settlements

(c) Highlight four problems associated with such growth. 
 

(a) Explain, giving examples, four ways in which physical factors may hinder the development of road transportation

(b) Discuss any four factors responsible for the poor network of railways in tropical African countries 
 

(a) Describe three ways in which light industries differ from heavy industries

(b) Give four reasons why light industries are more prevalent than heavy industries in tropical Africa. 
 

(a) Give four reasons why countries engage in world trade 

(b) How have these reasons affected the volume of trade between Nigeria and her neighbouring countries?

(C)(i) Name any two sea routes through which Nigeria trades with the outside world
(ii) Indicate one commodity that Nigeria engages exports through each route

 (a) On an outline map of Nigeria, locate and name
(i) one inland drainage basin
(ii) three rivers that flow into the basin
(iii) the Bight of Benin and Bight of Bonny
(iv) the Idanre Hill, Oban Hills and Biu plateau

(b) Account for the shallowness of the rivers and the lake of the inland drainage basin (c) Describe any four benefits of the lake.
 

(a) Distinguish between internal trade and international trade

(b) Name four commodities of internal trade in Nigeria, - two originating from the north and two from the south

(c) Identify the factors that promote trade between the northern and southern parts of Nigeria

(d) What are the limitations to internal trade in Nigeria?
 

(a) Explain any two of the following methods of farming as adopted in Nigeria
(i) Mixed farming
(ii) Intensive farming
(iii) Plantation agriculture

(b) State three problems facing agriculture in Nigeria

(c) In what ways are these problems being solved? 
 

(a) On an outline map of Nigeria, show the main soil zones

(b) Name any one crop that is grown in each of the zones shown on your map

(c) Describe the soil characteristics that have favoured the cultivation of the type of crops in each zone. 
 

(a) Outline any four factors that have encouraged the concentration of industries in the Lagos area

(b) Highlight the significance of the concentration to the inhabitants of the area.
 

(a) On a sketch map of West Africa, show and name (i) the home areas of the Ashanti, the Wolof and the Mandingo
(ii) two areas with a population density of over 100 persons per km2
(iii) two areas with a population density of less than 5 persons per km2

(b) Explain how the variation in population density in West Africa has been aided by the following: (i) Historical factors (11) Agriculture (iii) Mining (iv) Industrialisation 
 

On a sketch map of Africa, show and name:
(I) Cape Verde and the Cape of Good Hope
(ii) the Rivers Nile, Niger and Orange
(iii) the East African rift valley
(iv) one fold mountain in the north and one in the south

(b) In what three ways are the highlands of Africa economically important?

(c) Describe three ways in which the rivers of Africa are of importance. 
 

(a) On a sketch map of Africa, mark and name:
(i) one area receiving rainfall throughout the year
(ii) one area receiving rainfall in summer only
(iii) one warm ocean current (indicating the direction of flow)
(iv) one cold ocean current (indicating the direction of flow)

(b) (i) Identify the type of nature vegetation found in each of the areas shown on your map
(ii) How has rainfall accounted for the difference in vegetation in the two areas? 
 

Give reasons for each of any three of the following:

(a) the importance of fruit farming in the Mediterranean lands

(b) the predominance of lumbering in the Zaire basin

(c) the declining importance of bush fallowing in WestAfrica

(d) the importance of plantation agriculture in EastAfrica. 
 

(a) Outline any three achievements of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) since its formation

(b) What five problems are facing the ECOWAS in the achievement of its objectives?